Co-Nanomet: Co-ordination of Nanometrology in Europe

Nanometrology is a subfield of metrology, concerned with the science of measurement at the nanoscale level. Today’s global economy depends on reliable measurements and tests, which are trusted and accepted internationally. It must provide the ability to measure in three dimensions with atomic resolution over large areas. For industrial application this must also be achieved at a suitable speed/throughput. Measurements in the nanometre range should be traceable back to internationally accepted units of measurement (e.g. of length, angle, quantity of matter, and force). This requires common, validated measurement methods, calibrated scientific instrumentation as well as qualified reference samples. In some areas, even a common vocabulary needs to be defined. A traceability chain for the required measurements in the nm range has been established in only a few special cases. A common strategy for European nanometrology has been defined, as captured herein, such that future nanometrology development in Europe may build out from our many current strengths. In this way, European nanotechnology will be supported to reach its full and most exciting potential. As a strategic guidance, this document contains a vision for European nanometrology 2020; future goals and research needs, building out from an evaluation of the status of science and technology in 2010. It incorporates concepts for the acceleration of European nanometrology, in support of the effective commercial exploitation of emerging nanotechnologies. The field of nanotechnology covers a breadth of disciplines, each of which has specific and varying metrological needs. To this end, a set of four core technology fields or priority themes (Engineered Nanoparticles, Nanobiotechnology, Thin Films and Structured Surfaces and Modelling & Simulation) are the focus of this review. Each represents an area within which rapid scientific development during the last decade has seen corresponding growth in or towards commercial exploitation routes. This document was compiled under the European Commission Framework Programme 7 project, Co-Nanomet. It has drawn together input from industry, research institutes, (national) metrology institutes, regulatory and standardisation bodies across Europe. Through the common work of the partners and all those interested parties who have contributed, it represents a significant collaborative European effort in this important field. In the next decade, nanotechnology can be expected to approach maturity, as a major enabling technological discipline with widespread application. This document provides a guide to the many bodies across Europe in their activities or responsibilities in the field of nanotechnology and related measurement requirements. It will support the commercial exploitation of nanotechnology, as it transitions through this next exciting decade

Construct validity of writing motivation questionnaire

The article reports results of two consecutive studies designed to understand construct validity of writing motivation and to examine its utility in the prediction of academic achievement. In first study, data were collected from 884 students of primary education through writing motivation questionnaire with seven domains (Dutta Roy, 2003). Correspondence analysis reveals two latent traits (intrinsic and extrinsic) of writing motivation. In the second study, writing motivation questionnaire was administered to 200 students and their academic performances in schools were collected. Results reveal inverse relation between latent traits. Composite scores of intrinsic writing motivation were positively and those of extrinsic writing motivation were negatively correlated with academic performance.Esta investigación reporta los resultados de dos estudios consecutivos diseñados para entender la validez del constructo de la motivación a la escritura y examina su utilidad en la predicción del rendimiento académico. En el primer estudio, los datos fueron obtenidos de 884 estudiantes de educación primaria a través del cuestionario de motivación a la escritura con siete dominios (Dutta Roy, 2003). Los análisis de correspondencia evidenciaron dos categorías latentes (intrínsecas y extrínsecas) de la motivación a la escritura. En el segundo estudio, el cuestionario de motivación a a escritura fue aplicado a 200 estudiantes y en los cuales se obtuvo además el registro de su rendimiento académico. Los resultados revelaron una relación inversa entre las categorías latentes. Los puntajes obtenidos para la motivación intrínseca a la escritura estuvieron positivamente asociados, mientras que los observados para la motivación extrínseca a la escritura se correlacionaron negativamente con el rendimiento académico

Análisis de conglomerados para la fiabilidad de procedimientos de prueba-reprueba.

Conventional statistical model for assessing test-retest reliability of questionnaire is to compare composite scores of matched subtests or items between periods. Current study examined test-retest reliability in terms of both subtest and item wise comparison through paired t-test statistics. Data were collected from 72 students twice within 8 months intervals using reading motivation questionnaire (Dutta Roy, 2003). The questionnaire includes 3 intrinsic (rApp, rKnow,rAch)  and 4 extrinsic (rAes, rRecog, rAff and rHarm) reading motivation subtests. Finding inconsistency between both subtest and item wise comparison, I propose a model of clustering items between periods. Hierarchical clustering with complete linkage shows that more than 55% of both test and retest items are assembled in the primary cluster suggesting high test retest reliability among 6 reading motivation variables.Modelos estadísticos convencionales para evaluar la fiabilidad de procedimientos de prueba-reprueba (P-Rp) en cuestionarios buscan comparar puntuaciones combinadas de subpruebas pareadas o partes del cuestionario en la fase de prueba y la fase de reprueba. El presente artículo examina la fiabilidad de P-Rp en términos de subpruebas y comparaciones al nivel de partes del cuestionario a través de la pruebas t pareada. Datos de un cuestionario sobre motivación de la lectura tomados durante la prueba y la reprueba de 72 estudiantes, con un intervalo de 8 meses entre la prueba y la reprueba, se usan para ejemplificar el análisis de conglomerados (Dutta Roy, 2003). El cuestionario incluye 3 subpruebas intrínsecas y 3 subpruepas extrínsecas. Se propone un método de conglomerado de componentes del cuestionario para mostrar inconsistencias en las comparaciones entre las subpruebas y preguntas específicas que hacen parte del cuestionario

Construct validity of writing motivation Questionnaire

The article reports results of two consecutive studies designed to understand construct validity of writing motivation and to examine its utility in the prediction of academic achievement. In first study, data were collected from 884 students of primary education through writing motivation questionnaire with seven domains (Dutta Roy, 2003). Correspondence analysis reveals two latent traits (intrinsic and extrinsic) of writing motivation. In the second study, writing motivation questionnaire was administered to 200 students and their academic performances in schools were collected. Results reveal inverse relation between latent traits. Composite scores of intrinsic writing motivation were positively and those of extrinsic writing motivation were negatively correlated with academic performance.Esta investigación reporta los resultados de dos estudios consecutivos diseñados para entender la validez del constructo de la motivación a la escritura y examina su utilidad en la predicción del rendimiento académico. En el primer estudio, los datos fueron obtenidos de 884 estudiantes de educación primaria a través del cuestionario de motivación a la escritura con siete dominios (Dutta Roy, 2003). Los análisis de correspondencia evidenciaron dos categorías latentes (intrínsecas y extrínsecas) de la motivación a la escritura. En el segundo estudio, el cuestionario de motivación a a escritura fue aplicado a 200 estudiantes y en los cuales se obtuvo además el registro de su rendimiento académico. Los resultados revelaron una relación inversa entre las categorías latentes. Los puntajes obtenidos para la motivación intrínseca a la escritura estuvieron positivamente asociados, mientras que los observados para la motivación extrínseca a la escritura se correlacionaron negativamente con el rendimiento académico

Análisis de conglomerados para la fiabilidad de procedimientos de prueba-reprueba.

Conventional statistical model for assessing test-retest reliability of questionnaire is to compare composite scores of matched subtests or items between periods. Current study examined test-retest reliability in terms of both subtest and item wise comparison through paired t-test statistics. Data were collected from 72 students twice within 8 months intervals using reading motivation questionnaire (Dutta Roy, 2003). The questionnaire includes 3 intrinsic (rApp, rKnow,rAch) and 4 extrinsic (rAes, rRecog, rAff and rHarm) reading motivation subtests. Finding inconsistency between both subtest and item wise comparison, I propose a model of clustering items between periods. Hierarchical clustering with complete linkage shows that more than 55% of both test and retest items are assembled in the primary cluster suggesting high test retest reliability among 6 reading motivation variables.Modelos estadísticos convencionales para evaluar la fiabilidad de procedimientos de prueba-reprueba (P-Rp) en cuestionarios buscan comparar puntuaciones combinadas de subpruebas pareadas o partes del cuestionario en la fase de prueba y la fase de reprueba. El presente artículo examina la fiabilidad de P-Rp en términos de subpruebas y comparaciones al nivel de partes del cuestionario a través de la pruebas t pareada. Datos de un cuestionario sobre motivación de la lectura tomados durante la prueba y la reprueba de 72 estudiantes, con un intervalo de 8 meses entre la prueba y la reprueba, se usan para ejemplificar el análisis de conglomerados (Dutta Roy, 2003). El cuestionario incluye 3 subpruebas intrínsecas y 3 subpruepas extrínsecas. Se propone un método de conglomerado de componentes del cuestionario para mostrar inconsistencias en las comparaciones entre las subpruebas y preguntas específicas que hacen parte del cuestionario